Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals

Florent Besnier,Mathieu Gayda,Valérie Guilbeault,Elise Latour,Anil Nigam,Martin Juneau

doi:10.3390/obesities1010003

Florent Besnier, Mathieu Gayda + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities1010003

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Abstract

Limited data is available on the sex differences and individual responses of cardiometabolic parameters adjusted with potential confounders (i.e. sex, age, baseline values) after a longer term Mediterranean diet (MedD) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese subjects. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of nine-month MedD counseling and supervised HIIT on cardiometabolic risk factors and individual responses in obese women (n = 99) and obese men (n = 35). Body composition (body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (METs), and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, blood sample variables) were measured at baseline and after nine months of a program combining MedD and HIIT two to three times a week. When adjusted with sex, age, and baseline values, obese women similarly improved their body composition, METs, and cardiometabolic risk factors vs. obese men. The proportion of responders according to clinical cutoff levels were the same in obese women and men. A longer MedD and HIIT intervention similarly improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and individual responses in obese women and men, even after adjustment of confounders (sex, age, baseline value).

Highlights

Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of obesity in the world nearly tripled, making it the second leading cause of preventable death [1]
Limited data is available on the sex differences and individual responses of cardiometabolic parameters adjusted with potential confounders after a longer term
The main findings of this study were that: (1) a lifestyle intervention combining Mediterranean diet (MedD)

Summary

Introduction

Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of obesity in the world nearly tripled, making it the second leading cause of preventable death [1]. Obesity is associated with important comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, stroke, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer [2]. The Mediterranean diet (MedD) reduces cardiovascular events and is effective for long-term reductions of body mass in overweight/obese subjects [3,4]. Combining MedD to a high intensity interval training (HIIT). Showed greater improvement in cardiometabolic parameters vs MedD alone in adults with metabolic syndrome or obesity [5,6]. Combined lifestyle intervention mostly used caloric restriction diet with moderate intensity aerobic exercise, and sex difference responses in cardiometabolic parameters were poorly studied in obese men vs women [7]. Limited data is available on the sex differences and individual responses of cardiometabolic parameters adjusted with potential confounders (i.e., sex, age, baseline values) after a longer term

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