Abstract
In this study, lead-free (Bi0.465Na0.465Ba0.07)1− x Nd x TiO3 (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) piezoceramics were prepared via conventional solid state mixed-oxide route. The role of A-site Nd3+ donor doping was investigated through systematic studies of crystal structure, morphology, dielectric, electrical conductivity and ferroelectric properties. The X-ray diffraction data revealed single-phase perovskite structure with pseudocubic symmetry for all samples. The morphology exhibited dense microstructure with the average grain size that tended to decrease with increasing x. Compared to undoped BNBT (x = 0), the dielectric loss (tanδ) at high temperature (> 350 °C) significantly decreased with increasing Nd3+ doping level. With increasing x, the impedance spectroscopy data revealed more electrically homogeneous microstructure with a significant increase in resistivity (ρ) from Ω.m (BNBT) to Ω.m at x = 0.02. In addition, Nd3+ doping can induce a transition from a square-like to a slant P-E hysteresis loop with a significant drop in coercive field (E c) (from 25.81 for BNBT to 8.48 kV/cm for x = 0.03) and remanent polarization (P r) (from 27.93 to 3.67 µC/cm2), corresponding to the ergodic relaxor. These results suggest A-site Nd3+ doped 0.93BNT-0.07 ceramic as a promising candidate for high temperature capacitors and actuator materials.
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