Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMFs) are a group of soil-dwelling fungi that form symbiotic associations with plants, to mediate the secondary metabolism and production of active ingredients in aromatic and medicinal plants. Currently, there is little research on Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. inoculation with native AMFs and the concomitant effects on growth and secondary metabolites. In this study, S. miltiorrhiza was treated with eight AMFs, i.e., Glomus formosanum; Gl. tenebrosum; Septoglomus constrictum; Funneliformis geosporum; Rhizophagus manihotis; Ambispora gerdemanii; Acaulospora laevis; Ac. tuberculata, to investigate the influence of AMF inoculation on biomass and secondary production under greenhouse conditions in S. miltiorrhiza roots. The results showed that mycorrhiza formation rates were between 54.83 and 86.10%. Apart from Ac. laevis and Gl. tenebrosum treatment, the roots biomass of the other treatment groups was effectively increased, and the fresh and dry weight of the plant inoculated with Fu. geosporum were increased by 86.76 and 86.95%, respectively. Specifically, AMF treatments also impacted on phenolic acids production; inoculation with both Fu. geosporum or Ac. laevis significantly reduced total phenolic acids, whereas the other treatments effectively increased these levels, of which Gl. formosanum generated significant levels. Most AMF-plant symbiotic experiments facilitated phenolic acid accumulation in the secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza (except Ac. laevis). This study showed that most native AMFs inoculation with S. miltiorrhiza promoted roots growth and increased secondary metabolites production (especially phenolic acids). Going forward, inoculation of native AMF is a promising method to improve the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza and should be considered during production.
Highlights
As a kind of quite important medicinal plant in China, and, to a lesser extent, in Japan and the United States, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen or Red sage, Lamiaceae,) was extensively used to treat menstrual disorders, and cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease for many years (Chun-Yan et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2017; Ren et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020)
In considering the selectivity and functional diversity existing in arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiosis (Helgason et al, 2002), we investigated the different responses of S. miltiorrhiza root to inoculants
The percentage of hyphae colonization varied among species (GLT > Funneliformis geosporum (FUG) > Ambispora gerdemanii (AMG) > Ac. tuberculata (ACT) > Glomus formosanum (GLF) > ACL > Septoglomus constrictum (SEC) > Rhizophagus manihotis (RHM))
Summary
As a kind of quite important medicinal plant in China, and, to a lesser extent, in Japan and the United States, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen or Red sage, Lamiaceae,) was extensively used to treat menstrual disorders, and cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease for many years (Chun-Yan et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2017; Ren et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020). (Danshen or Red sage, Lamiaceae,) was extensively used to treat menstrual disorders, and cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease for many years (Chun-Yan et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2017; Ren et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020). As a kind of quite important medicinal plant in China, and, to a lesser extent, in Japan and the United States, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. These therapeutic effects are attributed to intrinsic water-soluble phenolic acids and lipophilic diterpenoid quinones (Wang et al, 2018). The effects of these native AMFs on the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza have not been systematically understood
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