Abstract
Sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry (SOM) was considered as the gold standard for evaluating SO motility [1]. It is hard to endure pain for patients just given diazepam sedation instead of analgesics during SOM. However, there are controversial for analgesics to alleviate biliary pain. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the mechanism of analgesics on SO. Previous studies [2,3] have used some regular indexes during SOM to assess effects of analgesics on SO. However, none of these indexes is specific or permanent. Among these indexes, SO wave propagation direction can also be important. However, it has rarely been calculated.
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