Effects of nano and submicrocrystalline states under a wide range of loads

Abstract

The scale in nanomechanics (10−10−10−9 m) has a fundamental physical meaning and can be considered as a control parameter when considering qualitative changes in the properties of polycrystalline materials when the grain structure changes in a wide range of load intensities. The existence of this parameter can lead to effects beyond the scale, which are traditionally considered in mechanics, and are accompanied by the influence of quantum effects on the deformation properties and failure of materials. New ideas about submicrocrystalline and nano-scale structure of materials achieved by the use of high-resolution methods (synchrotron tomography, soft X-rays, nanoindentation) have led to qualitative changes in approaches to the study and description of the properties of materials, including biomaterials. This may provide new information on the processes of deformation and fracture at the micro- and nano-scale level and lead to new approaches in the design and evaluation of the reliability.