Effects of N, N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine on the blood–brain barrier permeability in the rat

Abstract

Histamine plays a role in the regulation of the blood–brain barrier function. In this study, effects of N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine (DPPE), an intracellular histamine binding site antagonist on the cerebrovascular permeability were investigated in control and post-ischemic male Wistar rats. Intravenous administration of DPPE, in a dose of 1 and 5 mg/kg, was not followed by any major clinical change, but 20 mg/kg proved to be toxic. A significantly ( P<0.05) increased permeability for sodium fluorescein (MW=376) was seen in hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum, but not in parietal cortex, of rats 2 h after the injection of 5 mg/kg DPPE, whereas no increase was measured later. There was a more intense (5- to 12-fold) and prolonged elevation in Evan's blue-labeled albumin (MW=67,000) extravasation 2, 4, and 8 h after 5 mg/kg DPPE administration in each brain region. In parietal cortex, a dose-dependent increase in albumin extravasation developed 4 h after intravenous injection of 1, 5, and 20 mg/kg DPPE, but doses applied resulted in no significant change in sodium fluorescein permeability. Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion evoked by four-vessel occlusion caused a significant ( P<0.05) increase in the permeability for albumin in each region, but few changes in that of sodium fluorescein. DPPE treatment failed to prevent the ischemia–reperfusion-induced changes in the blood–brain barrier permeability. In conclusion, DPPE induced an increased permeability in the rat, which supports a role for histamine, as an intracellular messenger, in the regulation of the blood–brain barrier characteristics.