Effects of mycotoxin adsorbents in aflatoxin B 1 - and fumonisin B 1 -contaminated broiler diet on performance and blood metabolite

Sérgio Turra Sobrane Filho,Antonio Carlos De Laurentiz,Rosangela Da Silva De Laurentiz,Rosemeire Da Silva Filardi,Marcela Da Silva Rubio,Otto Mack Junqueira,Karina Ferreira Duarte

doi:10.1590/s1806-92902016000500007

Sérgio Turra Sobrane Filho, Antonio Carlos De Laurentiz + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902016000500007

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Abstract

The present study examined the effect of aflatoxin (AFB1) and fumonisin (FB1) at the levels of 2 mg kg−1 AFB1 and 100 mg kg−1 FB1 and the efficiency of use of different levels of adsorbent based on sodium and calcium aluminosilicate on growth performance, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters of broilers. A total of 1,440 Cobb broilers were distributed into the following treatments: positive control (PC) - no mycotoxin and adsorbent (AD); PC+3AD - no mycotoxin, with 3 g kg−1 adsorbent in feed; negative control (NC) - only mycotoxin; NC+1AD - with mycotoxin and 1 g kg−1 adsorbent in feed; NC+2AD - with mycotoxin and 2 g kg−1 adsorbent in feed; and NC+3AD - with mycotoxin and 3 g kg−1 adsorbent in feed. The amounts of AFB1 and FB1 added to NC reduced weight gain (35%) and feed intake (50%) compared with PC; however, inclusion of 2 or 3 g kg−1 adsorbent to NC alleviated such losses. Birds fed NC showed anemia, immunosuppression, and impaired liver function, observed by reduced cholesterol and increased gamma glutamyl-transferase activity compared with PC; values returned to normal levels when 2 or 3 g kg−1 of the adsorbent (as fed) were used. Mycotoxins cause adverse effects on most of the parameters studied, and the use of adsorbent at the levels of 2 and 3 g kg−1 of the adsorbent as fed partially negates the adverse effect of mycotoxicosis.

Highlights

Mycotoxins are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungi growing in food products, and cause diverse toxic effects in vertebrates (Leeson et al, 1995)
The present study examined the effect of aflatoxin (AFB1) and fumonisin (FB1) at the levels of 2 mg kg−1 Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 100 mg kg−1 fumonisin B1 (FB1) and the efficiency of use of different levels of adsorbent based on sodium and calcium aluminosilicate on growth performance, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters of broilers
The amounts of AFB1 and FB1 added to negative control (NC) reduced weight gain (35%) and feed intake (50%) compared with positive control (PC); inclusion of 2 or 3 g kg−1 adsorbent to NC alleviated such losses

Summary

Introduction

Mycotoxins are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungi growing in food products, and cause diverse toxic effects in vertebrates (Leeson et al, 1995). Aflatoxins cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide, and concentrations in feed above 75 μg kg−1 reduce the performance of birds (Gimeno and Martins, 2011). These aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus fungi, among which the most relevant are A. flavus and A. parasiticus (Leeson et al, 1995; Yunus et al, 2011). According to Yunus et al (2011), aflatoxin poisoning reduces animal performance and causes liver, kidney, and reproductive problems

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