Abstract
The primary objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary multivitamin, multimineral and phytonutrient (VMP) supplement on blood nutrient status and biomarkers of heart health risk in a Russian population. One hundred twenty healthy adults (40–70 years) were recruited for a 56-day (eight-week) randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study with parallel design. Subjects were divided into two groups and received either a VMP or a placebo (PLA) supplement. Blood nutrient levels of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, vitamin C, B6, B12, red blood cell (RBC) folate, Zinc and Selenium were measured at baseline and on Days 28 and 56, and quercetin was measured at baseline and on Day 56. Blood biomarkers of heart health, i.e. homocysteine (Hcy), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid and blood lipid profile, were measured at baseline and Day 56. Dietary VMP supplementation for 56 days significantly increased circulating levels of quercetin, vitamin C, RBC folate and partially prevented the decline in vitamin B6 and B12 status. Both serum Hcy and GGT were significantly reduced (−3.97 ± 10.09 µmol/L; −1.68 ± 14.53 U/L, respectively) after VMP supplementation compared to baseline. Dietary VMP supplementation improved the nutrient status and reduced biomarkers of heart health risk in a Russian population.
Highlights
A fruit and vegetable rich diet is associated with reduced risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]
We examined whether a multivitamin, multimineral and phytonutrient product could improve the nutritional status and reduce biomarkers of heart health risk in a Russian population with low fruit and vegetable intake
There were no significant differences in nutrient consumption and blood nutrient status between groups at baseline (Table 4)
Summary
A fruit and vegetable rich diet is associated with reduced risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Fruits and vegetables are natural source of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients (phytochemicals, which have a positive effect on human health), and some of these components have been reported to have antioxidant and cardioprotective effects in clinical trials [2,3,4]. A poor antioxidant defense status can promote the generation of free radicals, which have been reported to be positively correlated with blood homocysteine (Hcy) levels [5,6]. In addition to antioxidant intake and defense status, dietary folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake, gender and age can impact blood Hcy levels [8,9,10]. Studies have shown that lower serum antioxidants levels are present in smokers compared to non-smokers [11,12]
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