Abstract
Previous studies have not drawn a consistent conclusion about effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation (MVMS) on blood pressure. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (up to May 2018) and references of relevant articles was undertaken. The present meta-analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), of which eight RCTs in 2011 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on blood pressure and four RCTs in 21,196 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on the risk of hypertension. MVMS had a lowering effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): the weighted mean difference (WMD) was −1.31 mmHg (95% CI, −2.48 to −0.14 mmHg) and −0.71 mmHg (95% CI, −1.43 to 0.00 mmHg), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the lowering effect of MVMS on blood pressure was only significant in 134 subjects with chronic disease but not in 1580 healthy subjects, and the WMD for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP in subjects with chronic disease was −6.29 mmHg (95% CI, −11.09 to −1.50 mmHg) and −2.32 mmHg (95% CI, −4.50 to −0.13 mmHg), respectively. The effect size of MVMS on SBP in 58 hypertensive subjects (WMD, −7.98 mmHg; 95% CI, −14.95 to −1.02 mmHg) was more than six times of that in 1656 normotensive subjects (WMD, −1.25 mmHg; 95% CI, −2.48 to −0.02 mmHg). However, no significant effect on DBP was observed in both hypertensive and normotensive subgroups. There was no significant effect of MVMS on risk of hypertension in 22,852 subjects with a normal blood pressure at baseline. In conclusion, although MVMS had a significant lowering effect on blood pressure in normotensive subjects, the lowering effect was too small to effectively prevent future hypertension. MVMS may be an effective method for blood pressure control in subjects with chronic disease including hypertension, but the sample size of subjects with hypertension or other chronic disease was too small, and more well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm this result.
Highlights
It has been estimated that about 1 billion people suffer from hypertension all over the world [1].Increased blood pressure is the most important risk factor for premature death, stroke and heart disease [2]
multivitamin and multimineral supplementation (MVMS) may be an effective method for blood pressure control in subjects with chronic disease including hypertension, but the sample size of subjects with hypertension or other chronic disease was too small, and more well-designed
26,571 studies, of which 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprised of 16 independent comparisons and 23,207 subjects were included in the present meta-analysis [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
Summary
It has been estimated that about 1 billion people suffer from hypertension all over the world [1].Increased blood pressure is the most important risk factor for premature death, stroke and heart disease [2]. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1018 effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation (MVMS) on blood pressure and risk of hypertension, but the results were not consistent [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. The lowering effect of MVMS on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects was observed in another study [13]. Several other studies on subjects with chronic or infectious disease, such as obesity [11], esophageal dysplasia [9] and HIV-infection [19], observed a significant lowering effect of MVMS on blood pressure or risk of hypertension
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