Abstract
BackgroundTo examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the cognitive function of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsDesign: Twelve months, randomized controlled trial; Setting: Community center in Japan; Participants: Fifty older adults (27 men) with aMCI ranging in age from 65 to 93 years (mean age, 75 years); Intervention: Subjects were randomized into either a multicomponent exercise (n = 25) or an education control group (n = 25). Subjects in the multicomponent exercise group exercised under the supervision of physiotherapists for 90 min/d, 2 d/wk, for a total of 80 times over 12 months. The exercises included aerobic exercises, muscle strength training, and postural balance retraining, and were conducted using multiple conditions to stimulate cognitive functions. Subjects in the control group attended three education classes regarding health during the 12-month period. Measurements were administered before, after the 6-month, and after the 12-month intervention period; Measurements: The performance measures included the mini-mental state examination, logical memory subtest of the Wechsler memory scale-revised, digit symbol coding test, letter and categorical verbal fluency test, and the Stroop color word test.ResultsThe mean adherence to the exercise program was 79.2%. Improvements of cognitive function following multicomponent exercise were superior at treatment end (group × time interactions for the mini-mental state examination (P = 0.04), logical memory of immediate recall (P = 0.03), and letter verbal fluency test (P = 0.02)). The logical memory of delayed recall, digit symbol coding, and Stroop color word test showed main effects of time, although there were no group × time interactions.ConclusionsThis study indicates that exercise improves or supports, at least partly, cognitive performance in older adults with aMCI.
Highlights
To examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the cognitive function of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Population-based studies in older adults performed in North America, Europe, and Asia report a prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ranging from 11% to 17% [1,2,3,4,5], and a prevalence of the amnestic MCI subtype between 3 and 5% [2,6]
The inclusion criteria we used were dwelling in the community and being 65 years or age or older. 528 prospective subjects with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) [30] of 0.5, or who complained of memory impairments, were recruited for the initial eligibility assessments. 135 subjects participated in the secondary eligibility assessments, including neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging. 35 of these 135 subjects were excluded and the remaining 100 subjects met the definition of MCI using the Petersen criteria [31]
Summary
To examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the cognitive function of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Population-based studies in older adults performed in North America, Europe, and Asia report a prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ranging from 11% to 17% [1,2,3,4,5], and a prevalence of the amnestic MCI (aMCI) subtype between 3 and 5% [2,6] Evidence from both neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have suggested. Epidemiological data suggests that moderate exercise and physical activity, such as walking, are associated with a lower risk of dementia [15] According to these findings, epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise have proposed it is associated with various cognitive benefits [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], and a meta-analysis reported that physical activity or exercise is associated with improvements in attention, processing speed, and executive function in older adults with or without cognitive impairments [26,27,28]. Because the results of these studies differed largely due to differences in methodology, sufficient evidence has not been garnered regarding the relationship between exercise and cognitive function in aMCI
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