Abstract
Biocompatible β-type Ti-45Nb alloy with a low elastic modulus is promising in alleviating the stress shielding effect of Ti-based hard-tissue replacement implants. In this work, the ultra-fine-grained (UFG) microstructures with different grain sizes were prepared by multi-axial compression (MAC) processing of Ti-45Nb alloys, and the mechanical properties and the fretting wear properties of Ti-45Nb alloys in different grain sizes were investigated. The results show that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the sample processed by 27 passes MAC increase by 76% and 91%, respectively, with an elongation of more than 9%. After MAC processing, the friction coefficient and volume wear rate gradually decrease. In addition, before MAC processing, the Ti-45Nb sample shows a wear mechanism of severe adhesive wear, oxidative wear and fatigue delamination; while after MAC processing, the wear mechanism switches to abrasive wear and slight adhesive wear with slight oxidative wear, indicating that grain refinement helps to improve the anti-fretting properties of Ti-45Nb alloys.
Highlights
Ti and its alloys have been widely used for hard-tissue replacement applications, over the long term, its comparatively high elastic modulus will lead to a stress shielding effect that may result in aseptic loosening and other implant failure problems [1]
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fretting wear tests were used to study the microstructural evolution of Ti-45Nb alloys processed by multi-axial compression (MAC) and its influence on the mechanical properties and fretting wear behaviors
All the diffraction patterns only show peaks from β single-phase, indicating that there was no phase transformation during MAC processing, the elastic modulus of Ti-45Nb maintained at the low level of the solid solution state [3,29]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. CP Ti by HPT and reached the same conclusion, and they believe that this was due to the high reactivity of the Ti alloys with oxygen, and the oxidation layer achieved a dynamic equilibrium between continuous removal and regeneration, concealing the improvement of the wear resistance of the material by grain refinement [24]. It can be seen from these results that influence of grain refinement on the wear resistance of metallic materials is still unclear, the underlying mechanisms needs to be further explored. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fretting wear tests were used to study the microstructural evolution of Ti-45Nb alloys processed by MAC and its influence on the mechanical properties and fretting wear behaviors
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