Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) affects adipocyte function and reduces body weight. However, the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) on adipose biology remain unclear. This study examined the effects of ADF and modified ADF regimens on adipocyte size, triglyceride (TG) metabolism, and adiponectin levels in relation to changes in body weight and adipose mass. Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomized for 4 weeks among 1) ADF-25% (25% CR on fast day, ad libitum on alternate day), 2) ADF-50% (50% CR on fast day), 3) ADF-100% (100% CR on fast day), and 4) control (ad libitum). The body weight of ADF-100% mice was lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.005) after treatment. Adipose tissue weights did not change. Inguinal and epididymal fat cells were 35-50% smaller (P < 0.01) than those of controls in ADF-50% and ADF-100% animals after treatment. Net lipolysis was augmented (P < 0.05) in ADF-100% mice, and the contribution from glyceroneogenesis to alpha-glycerol phosphate increased in ADF-50% and ADF-100% mice, whereas fractional and absolute de novo lipogenesis also increased in ADF-50% and ADF-100% animals, consistent with an alternating feast-fast milieu. Plasma adiponectin levels were not affected. In summary, modified ADF (ADF-50%) and complete ADF (ADF-100%) regimens modulate adipocyte function, despite there being no change in body weight or adipose tissue weight in the former group.
Highlights
Calorie restriction (CR) affects adipocyte function and reduces body weight
During week 3, all groups had similar food intakes, but by week 4, food consumption of the alternate-day fasting (ADF)-100% group was once again lower (P, 0.05) than that of the ADF-50% and ADF-25% groups. These results indicate that the ADF-25% and ADF-50% regimens allowed essentially full compensation of food intake on the feed day for reductions on the fast day, whereas the ADF-100% group was unable to compensate fully on the feed day for the reduced intake on the fast day
Adipocyte size in inguinal and epididymal fat depots was markedly smaller after 4 weeks in both the ADF-100% and ADF-50% groups relative to the control group
Summary
Calorie restriction (CR) affects adipocyte function and reduces body weight. the effects of alternateday fasting (ADF) on adipose biology remain unclear. This study examined the effects of ADF and modified ADF regimens on adipocyte size, triglyceride (TG) metabolism, and adiponectin levels in relation to changes in body weight and adipose mass. Effects of modified alternate-day fasting regimens on adipocyte size, triglyceride metabolism, and plasma adiponectin levels in mice. Strong associations have been noted between large adipocytes and increased circulating levels of insulin, TG, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B [5]. CR has been shown to beneficially modulate certain aspects of adipocyte physiology It was reported by Larson-Meyer et al [9] that a 25% reduction in daily energy intake (25% CR) produced significant decreases in fat cell size after 24 weeks in humans. This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org
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