Abstract
BackgroundObesity is associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may have its origin in early life stages, such as in the lactation period, through metabolic programming. Physical activity aids in decreasing the chances of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, even with small weight losses and, in children, can play an essential role in preventing weight gain and other health problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity endurance training and high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on obesity-related parameters and cardiorespiratory capacity in overfed Wistar rats throughout the breastfeeding period.MethodsTwo days after birth, forty male and female Wistar rats were clustered into two groups: Control Litter Group (CL; ten animals/litter) and Reduced Litter Group (RL; four animals/litter). At weaning, RL animals were distributed randomly into three experimental groups: sedentary, moderate intensity endurance training and HIIT, while CL animals were clustered into a sedentary group.ResultsRL male and female body weight, before weaning, was significantly higher when compared with CL animals. This difference was maintained between CLSed and RLSed groups after weaning during all assessed periods. Adiposity was significantly higher in RLSed males when compared to CLSed males, and alterations in glycaemic metabolism were also observed. Endurance and HIIT protocols were efficient in improving maximal cardiorespiratory capacity, as well as concerning the glycemic metabolism and central fat accumulation of males and females submitted to childhood overfeeding by the litter reduction method.ConclusionsBoth moderate endurance training and HIIT protocols included in early life were efficient in reverting or preventing certain metabolic alterations as a consequence of overfeeding during breastfeeding in male and female Wistar rats.
Highlights
Obesity is associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may have its origin in early life stages, such as in the lactation period, through metabolic programming
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity endurance training and high intensity interval training protocols on obesity-related parameters and cardiorespiratory capacity on overfed Wistar rats throughout breastfeeding period
No significant differences between randomly into three experimental groups: sedentary (RLSed), RLEnd and RLHIIT male body weight after weaning until the 90th day of life were detected (Additional file 2: Figure S2C). For females, this difference was registered only in the last measurement point, where CLSed presented a statistically higher body weight mean compared to RLEnd and RLHIIT (Additional file 2: Figure S2D)
Summary
Obesity is associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may have its origin in early life stages, such as in the lactation period, through metabolic programming. Physical activity aids in decreasing the chances of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, even with small weight losses and, in children, can play an essential role in preventing weight gain and other health problems. Physical activity aids in decreasing the chance of cardiovascular and metabolic disease development, improves physical fitness and health indicators in obese individuals, even with small weight losses [5, 6] and, in children, can play an essential role in preventing weight gain and other health problems [7]
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