Effects of Mixed of a Ketogenic Diet in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Raffaele Ivan Cincione,Francesca Losavio,Fabiana Ciolli,Giovanni Messina,Rita Polito,Giuseppe Cibelli,Anna Valenzano

doi:10.3390/ijerph182312490

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring endocrine disorder characterized by hirsutism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Often comorbid with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity, it also carries significant risk for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between central obesity and the development of insulin resistance is widely verified. Adipose tissue excess and the coexistent dysregulation of adipocyte functions directly contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic complications observed in women with PCOS. In the light of these evidence, the most therapeutic option prescribed to obese women with PCOS, regardless of the phenotype e from the severity of clinical expression, is lifestyle correction by diet and physical activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in 17 obese women with PCOS. Our results showed that the ketogenic diet inducing therapeutic ketosis, improves the anthropometric and many biochemical parameters such as LH, FSH, SHBG, insulin sensitivity and HOMA index. In addition, it induces a reduction in androgenic production, whereas the contextual reduction of fat mass reduced the acyclic production of estrogens deriving from the aromatization in the adipose tissue of the androgenic excess, with an improvement of the LH/FSH ratio. This is the first study on the effects of the ketogenic diet on PCOS, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying ketogenic diet effects.

Highlights

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common disorder of ovarian function and the most frequent cause of hyperandrogenism and anovulation in adolescents and adult women of fertile age, with a general prevalence ranging between 6 and 15% [1]
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common disorder of ovarian function and the most frequent cause of hyperandrogenism and anovulation in adolescents and adult women of fertile age, with a general prevalence ranging between 6 and 15% [1].PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, acne, hirsutism, disorders of menstrual, ovarian morphological alteration and by an increase in circulating levels of androgens, such as testosterone [2,3]
Anthropometric parameters such as weight and body mass index (BMI) were statistically reduced in ketogenic diet (KD) obese subjects (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common disorder of ovarian function and the most frequent cause of hyperandrogenism and anovulation in adolescents and adult women of fertile age, with a general prevalence ranging between 6 and 15% [1]. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, acne, hirsutism, disorders of menstrual, ovarian morphological alteration and by an increase in circulating levels of androgens, such as testosterone [2,3]. Central obesity contributes significantly to the development of metabolic syndrome, with a prevalence in women with PCOS reported to be 43%, characterized by the presence of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia [8]. The relationship between central obesity and the development of insulin resistance has been widely verified

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