Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of mixed LED light wavelengths and varying concentrations of the strigolactone analog (GR24) on methane and antibiotic removal in swine wastewater using different microalgae co-culture techniques. Four treatments were implemented: Treatment 1 involved Chlorella vulgaris monocultures, Treatment 2 included C. vulgaris-activated sludge-Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea), Treatment 3 included C. vulgaris-Bacillus licheniformis-C. rosea, and Treatment 4 included C. vulgaris-S395-2-C. rosea. These treatments were designed to optimize conditions for antibiotic and CO2 removal. Treatment 4 showed the highest growth rate (0.329 ± 0.030 d−1), mean daily productivity (0.166 ± 0.015 g L−1 d−1), CA activity (66.25 ± 5.39), and photosynthesis under a red-to-blue light ratio of 5:5. Significant antibiotic removal rates were achieved: 98.77 ± 1.05 % for tetracycline hydrochloride, 93.74 ± 5.06 % for oxytetracycline hydrochloride, 62.44 ± 5.58 % for ciprofloxacin, 55.07 ± 4.97 % for norfloxacin, 70.39 ± 6.03 % for sulfadimethoxine, and 67.46 ± 6.25 % for sulfamethoxazole. A concentration of 10−9 M GR24 maximally enhanced antibiotic and CO2 removal in Treatment 4. This study provided valuable insights into improving wastewater treatment practices and environmental management.
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