Effects of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on grinding processes using eco-friendly nanofluids: a review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Grinding is one of the most complex techniques of removing material from parts by the countless number of hard and sharp abrasive grains. Grinding creates a substantial amount of heat, which causes surface or subsurface damage, thermal damage, change in the metallographic structure of the material surface. In order to lesson these phenomena, cutting fluids are frequently used in the grinding zone. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) was suggested as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly lubrication for reducing heat and the expenses of grinding fluid. Despite the fact that MQL plays a crucial role in increasing machining performance, reviews on its use in high-speed machining are conflicted. This review article examines some of the most frequent nanofluids used in MQL systems during grinding processes. Nanofluids in MQL technique are a cutting-edge and eco-friendly approach that substitutes both traditional MQL and flood coolant in the grinding process. The effects of nanofluids on workpiece surface roughness, tangential force, coefficient of friction, G-ratio, grinding specific energy, wheel wear, grinding temperature, workpiece hardness and residual stress are thoroughly discussed and the findings were compared. After reading this review article, one may quickly gain an overview of existing research in the fields of nanofluids. Finally, this study looks at the thermo-physical characteristics of different nanofluids such as contact angle, thermal conductivity, and viscosity.