Effects of Microbial Inoculants on the Fermentation and Preservation of Triticale Silages at High and Low Moisture Levels

Ilavenil Soundharrajan,Ouk-Kyu Han,Ki Choon Choi,Dahye Kim,Karnan Muthusamy,Hyun Jeong Lee,Sumitha Purushothaman

doi:10.3390/app10217855

Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Ouk-Kyu Han + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217855

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Abstract

In the current study, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KCC-51) and Lactobacillus paracasei (KCC-52) were isolated and investigated for their biological potential including antibacterial activity, probiotic potential, nutritional changes, fermentation ability, and microbial population in experimental silages at high moisture (HM) and low moisture (LM) conditions. These strains showed significant antibacterial activity and probiotic activities. There are no significant changes in the dry matter content (DM) and nutritional profiles of control, KCC-51, and KCC-52 treated silages. High lactic acid (LA) and low butyric acid (BA) levels were noted in the HM (LA: 4.82 ± 0.34 and 5.5 ± 0.03, BA: 0.01 ± 0.01 and 0.008 ± 0.001, %DM) and LM (LA: 2.27 ± 0.32 and 2.61 ± 0.2, BA: 0.017 ± 0.001 vs. 0.006 ± 0.05, %DM) silages treated with KCC-51 and KCC-52 respectively, compared to non-inoculated silages. KCC-51 and KCC-52 treatment increased acceptable range of acetic acid (AA) in HM (0.33 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.007, %DM) and LM (0.22 ± 0.007 and 0.35 ± 0.02, %DM) silages compared to non-inoculated silages (0.22 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.05, %DM). Rich LAB and low yeast counts were noted in the silages treated with KCC-51 and KCC-52, it indicated that the addition of these inoculants strongly dominated the enterobacterial growth and preserved the silage quality with essential metabolites. It suggests that L. rhamnosus and the L. paracasei could be used as potent inoculants for the silage production with enriched nutrients.

Highlights

Ensiling is an essential process which is used to preserve the plant raw material plant material by spontaneous lactic acid production under controlled fermentation process with an anaerobic condition which has been used in the preservation of forages for many decades [1]
The potent Lactobacillus strains were isolated and selected based on its antimicrobial activity, from triticale forage samples and characterized its physicochemical properties which reflect, these strains are gram-positive, rod-shaped, and catalase-negative with non-motile characteristic. 16srRNA sequences and NCBI analysis output revealed that these lactobacillus strains belonged to Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei which were labelled as L. rhamnosus KCC-51 and L. paracasei KCC-52 (Supplementary Table S1)
The probiotic features have been proven for strains belonging to L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. casei [38] in accordance with

Summary

Introduction

Ensiling is an essential process which is used to preserve the plant raw material plant material by spontaneous lactic acid production under controlled fermentation process with an anaerobic condition which has been used in the preservation of forages for many decades [1] This method has gained great attention worldwide to deliver consistent and predictable feed supply to the ruminants. L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus are phylogenetically and phenotypically closely related [10,11] These species have the ability to colonize a variety fermented food products representing dominant component of non-starter LAB in ripened cheeses and traditional fermented milk products [12,13,14,15] such as fermented vegetables [16] and kimchi [17]. L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus could be considered as excellent additives for plant based silage production with enriched nutrients for ruminant and non-ruminants [20,21,22,23]

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