Abstract

我国大量的竹纸文物面临严重的老化糟朽问题,为进一步探讨竹纸的老化行为,对采集的传统手工竹纸进行人工加速老化处理,结合傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、抗张强度测试、热重分析(TG)以及动态水分吸附(DVS)等多种方法研究老化竹纸的微观结构变化对纸张性质的影响。结果表明,竹纸老化后内部-OH、C-O-C等基团的红外吸收峰强度下降,纤维分子链降解断裂产生了C=O等新基团;老化过程中竹纸的纤维结构受损使纤维素结晶度指数CrI呈现先升后降的趋势,与纤维素结晶区与无定形区对老化作用的敏感差异有关;SEM显示竹纸老化后出现纤维断裂、粉化等微观形貌变化是纤维结构遭受破坏的直观表现。由于老化竹纸的纤维分子链降解断裂使纤维的自身强度降低,纸张的力学强度下降;纤维素结晶区受损使纸张的热稳定性变差,表现为老化竹纸的热解特征温度T0.05、T0.5及Tmax整体降低;毛细结构受损、羟基等亲水基团的含量降低是老化竹纸吸湿性下降的主要原因。老化竹纸的性质劣化与其微观结构的改变密切相关,在科学制定纸质文物的保护方案以及评估保护效果时需注重检测纸张的内部结构,有助于在古籍文物的修复实践中达到最佳保护效果。

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