Abstract
Embryoid induction from cultured anthers of ten soft white spring wheat cultivars was influenced by donor plant genotype and induction medium. Cultivar Dirkwin had the highest embryoid induction frequency over the three media tested with a mean of 124.5 embryoids per 100 cultured anthers. The most effective medium overall was a modified N6 medium with 0.25 M maltose (MN6(maltose)), followed by HNG and P-4 media, with mean embryoid induction frequencies of 35.3, 17.2 and 3.7 per 100 anthers, respectively. Green plant regeneration frequency also varied with both genotype and induction medium. Embryoids initiated in MN6(maltose) medium usually produced more green plants than those from HNG and P-4 media. Of the ten cultivars tested, nine produced both green and albino plants, whereas the other produced only albinos. The induction medium also influenced the fertility (a measure of spontaneous chromosome doubling) of the anther-derived plants. Among the four most responsive cultivars, 61.0% of the plants derived from embryoids initiated in HNG medium were fertile compared to only 18.3% of the plants from embryoids initiated in MN6 (maltose) medium. It would be advantageous if the high induction and regeneration responses obtained with MN6(maltose) medium could be combined with the high level of fertility obtained with HNG medium.
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