Abstract
3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has both stimulatory and hallucinogenic properties which make its psychoactive effects unique and different from those of typical psychostimulant and hallucinogenic agents. The present study investigated the effects of MDMA on extracellular dopamine (DAex) and serotonin (5-HTex) levels in the striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using in vivo microdialysis techniques in mice lacking DA transporters (DAT) and/or 5-HT transporters (SERT). subcutaneous injection of MDMA (3, 10 mg/kg) significantly increased striatal DAex in wild-type mice, SERT knockout mice, and DAT knockout mice, but not in DAT/SERT double-knockout mice. The MDMA-induced increase in striatal DAex in SERT knockout mice was significantly less than in wildtype mice. In the PFC, MDMA dose-dependently increased DAex levels in wildtype, DAT knockout, SERT knockout and DAT/SERT double-knockout mice to a similar extent. In contrast, MDMA markedly increased 5-HTex in wildtype and DAT knockout mice and slightly increased 5-HTex in SERT-KO and DAT/SERT double-knockout mice. The results confirm that MDMA acts at both DAT and SERT and increases DAex and 5-HTex.
Highlights
3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has both stimulatory and hallucinogenic properties which make its psychoactive effects unique and different from those of typical psychostimulant and hallucinogenic agents
To clarify the action of MDMA on the DA transporters (DAT) or SERT in the striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), we investigated the effects of MDMA on extracellular levels of DA (DAex) and 5-HT (5-HTex) using in vivo microdialysis in mice lacking the DAT and/or SERT
Baselines of 5-HTex were significantly higher in SERT-KO and DAT/SERT double-KO mice than in wildtype mice in both the striatum and PFC
Summary
3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has both stimulatory and hallucinogenic properties which make its psychoactive effects unique and different from those of typical psychostimulant and hallucinogenic agents. The present study investigated the effects of MDMA on extracellular dopamine (DAex) and serotonin (5-HTex) levels in the striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using in vivo microdialysis techniques in mice lacking DA transporters (DAT) and/or 5-HT transporters (SERT). In the PFC, MDMA dose-dependently increased DAex levels in wildtype, DAT knockout, SERT knockout and DAT/SERT doubleknockout mice to a similar extent. The results confirm that MDMA acts at both DAT and SERT and increases DAex and 5-HTex. 3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, street name: ecstasy) exhibits both stimulatory and hallucinogenic properties which make its psychoactive effects unique and different from those of typical hallucinogens or psychostimulants. To clarify the action of MDMA on the DAT or SERT in the striatum and PFC, we investigated the effects of MDMA on extracellular levels of DA (DAex) and 5-HT (5-HTex) using in vivo microdialysis in mice lacking the DAT and/or SERT
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