Effects of Maternal Fiber Intake on Intestinal Morphology, Bacterial Profile and Proteome of Newborns Using Pig as Model.

Ying He,Xie Peng,Yong Zhuo,Yan Lin,Qiang Zhou,Liang Hu,Shengyu Xu,Yang Liu,Lianqiang Che,Qing Wu,De Wu,Zhengfeng Fang,Bin Feng,Jian Li

doi:10.3390/nu13010042

Abstract

Dietary fiber intake during pregnancy may improve offspring intestinal development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal high fiber intake during late gestation on intestinal morphology, microbiota, and intestinal proteome of newborn piglets. Sixteen sows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving the control diet (CD) and high-fiber diet (HFD) from day 90 of gestation to farrowing. Newborn piglets were selected from each litter, named as CON and Fiber group, respectively. Maternal high fiber intake did not markedly improve the birth weight, but increased the body length, the ileal crypt depth and colonic acetate level. In addition, maternal high fiber intake increased the α-diversity indices (Observed species, Simpson, and ACE), and the abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes at phylum level, significantly increased the abundance of Bradyrhizobium and Phyllobacterium at genus level in the colon of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high fiber intake markedly altered the ileal proteome, increasing the abundances of proteins associated with oxidative status, energy metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses, and decreasing abundances of proteins related to cellular apoptosis, cell structure, and motility. These findings indicated that maternal high fiber intake could alter intestinal morphology, along with the altered intestinal microbiota composition and proteome of offspring.

Highlights

The fetal intestine grows rapidly during the late gestation and prepares for the transition from the uterine to outside environment during the perinatal period
Results showed that maternal high fiber intake during late gestation altered the body length, intestinal morphology and microbiota, as well as the proteome of ileum in newborn piglets
We found the maternal fiber intake decreased the abundances of Phospholipid scramblase (PLSCRs), Endonuclease G (EndoG), Annexin (AnxA6), Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), and Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1), which participate in cellular apoptosis

Summary

Introduction

The fetal intestine grows rapidly during the late gestation and prepares for the transition from the uterine to outside environment during the perinatal period. It is well known that the main function of intestine is digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, which plays a role in barrier and immune [1]. Pigs have a remarkable similarity to man in gut anatomy, physiology, as well as the prenatal and postnatal development of intestine. Previous studies have proven that different nutrition plane and specific nutrition intake of sows during gestation or from gestation to lactation can affect intestinal development of offspring [3,4]. These effects usually shown in altering intestinal morphology, microbiota, immune and inflammation, etc. These effects usually shown in altering intestinal morphology, microbiota, immune and inflammation, etc. [4,5]

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