Effects of Mat Exergame-Based Multicomponent Training on the Standing Balance of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With and Without Fall Risk

Abstract

Objective: Exergames may enhance postural stability and prevent falls. This study investigated the effects of mat exergame-based multicomponent training on the static and dynamic standing balance capacities of community-dwelling older adults. Materials and Methods: Study participants comprised 34 community-dwelling older adults who were assigned into the high-risk group (yes to at least one question) or low-risk group (no to all three questions) based on the 3-item subset of a fall risk questionnaire. A 2-hour Stampede mat exergaming, including resistance, aerobics, flexibility, and balance training, was completed weekly for 3 months. The postural stability test, fall risk test, limits of stability (LOS) test, and the modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance were conducted using the Biodex Balance System SD before and after the intervention. Intervention effects within and between groups were compared. Results: After the intervention, significant improvements in the fall risk index (FRI, P = 0.007) and overall stability index (OSI, P = 0.008) were observed in the high-risk group (n = 18; mean age, 71.0 ± 4.7 years). Medium effect sizes (ESs) were noted in the low-risk group (n = 16; mean age, 70.8 ± 4.4 years) for the FRI (ES = 0.35), OSI (ES = 0.43), and LOS (ES = 0.40–0.45). The change scores were not different between groups. Conclusion: Mat exergame-based multicomponent training is effective in enhancing the standing balance. Exergame-based intervention is recommended for balance training among older adults.