Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera; its major predators (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Microvelia horvathi, Theridion octomaculatum, Oedothorax insecticeps, and Pardosa pseudoannulata) and parasitoids (Anagrus spp.); and collembolans and chironomids were investigated in organically manured (OM) plots as well as in chemically fertilized (CF) plots of rice in Hangzhou between June and September 2001. Predation and parasitism of WBPH eggs were also surveyed. Among these arthropods, only the abundances of M. horvathi and collembolans were clearly modified due to manure use, with density of the former being significantly decreased around 61 days after transplantation (DAT) and the latter significantly increased 21–28 DAT. Density of WBPH (nymphs and adults) was relatively low before 21 DAT, but it increased rapidly thereafter and peaked between 28 and 35 DAT in both OM and CF plots. Predation on WBPH eggs increased significantly around 47 DAT due to the manure use, and parasitism on eggs also increased persistently between 17 and 47 DAT. These results suggested that biological control of WBPH could be potentially enhanced by manure use in two approaches, i.e., by increasing alternative prey (collembolans) of WBPH predators (particularly spiders) around 21 DAT or earlier when WBPH are scarce and by mediating plant quality in a way that favors natural enemies of WBPH eggs.
Published Version
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