Effects of Mango Consumption on Total Antioxidant Capacity, Gut Permeability Proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-2, and Occludin), and Bowel Movement Habits

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The gut represents the largest compartment of the immune system. Tight junction proteins play a pivotal role to the integrity of the gut barrier which can affect immune function. Mangos are good sources of vitamins and many bioactive phytochemicals which help promote a more regulated function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fresh mango consumption on total antioxidant capacity, gut permeability proteins, and bowel movement habits. Methods In a 12-week randomized, crossover design, 27 participants (11females/16 males, age 26.2 ± 8.1 years, BMI 31.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2) consumed 100 Kcals/day of fresh mango or isocaloric low-fat cookie for 12 weeks each with a 4-week washout period. Blood antioxidant capacity and permeability proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-2, and occludin) were measured as well as bowel movement habit was assessed by a 5-item questionnaire at baseline, week 4, and week 12. Results There was a significant increase (P = 0.021) in total antioxidant capacity in mango consumption. No differences were found in the levels of ZO-1, claudin-2, and occludin. There was a slight increasing trend in the frequency of bowel movement (P = 0.076) and fecal bulk in mango consumption (P = 0.080). The increased tendencies are considered normal due to subjects having normal bowel movement habits per baseline values. There were no significant findings for frequency, consistency, strain, pain, and constipation in bowel movement. Conclusions Although there was no significance found in gut permeability, this is the first study examining mango fruit consumption on tight junction proteins. Our population was relatively healthy resulting in non-significant results. Future direction should include examining the effects of mango consumption on gut permeability in patients with gut inflammation. Funding Sources The National Mango Board [#603,024].