Abstract
Olfactory stimulation has been reported to trigger waking up during night sleep, and to affect the sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure of humans via the circadian clock system. Olfactory stimulation may promote better sleep health in Japanese students living in 24-hour society, but no studies have been done on this hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to make it clear what are the effects of makeup, perfume and skin care products on the circadian typology, sleep habits and mental health of female Japanese students aged 18 - 30 using an integrated questionnaire. Students who regularly used skin care products went to bed earlier on both weekdays and weekends and also got up earlier in the morning on weekdays than those who did not (p p 0.05). The students who regularly carried out a hair care regimen showed a significantly lower frequency of becoming angry after a small trigger and of losing control due to anger than those who did not. Makeup, perfume and skin care products might be possible to be related to better sleep health for students. Moreover, hair care may help maintain mental health in female students. Makeup, perfume and skin care products might be implied to become chemical, mechanical and/or psychological stimuli as zeitgebers for circadian clock of students.
Highlights
Olfactory stimulation triggers waking up during night sleep (Borio, 2006), and affects the sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure of humans via the circadian clock system (Nagai, 2007)
For adult females, using makeup, perfume, or skincare products or carrying out a hair care regimen had no significant effect on circadian typology, and does not appear to be a strong zeitgeber for the circadian clock system
Some chemical contained in makeup, perfume and skincare products, mechanical stimuli and/or psychological stimuli of these products may improve sleep quality in this case as well
Summary
Olfactory stimulation triggers waking up during night sleep (Borio, 2006), and affects the sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure of humans via the circadian clock system (Nagai, 2007). Olfactory stimulation may promote better sleep health in Japanese students living in 24-hour society. The progression of 24-hour commercialization society disturbs diurnal rhythms in both young and older Japanese students (Harada, 2008). Only a limited number of studies have been carried out on the effects of makeup and perfume and olfactory stimulations on circadian typology and sleep in humans. Application of santalol, a major component of sandalwood oil, caused a significant decrease in total waking time and an increase in total NREM sleep time in rats (Ohmori et al, 2007). Komori et al (1997) showed that a mixed odorant (Central Nervous System stimulant) consisting of rose, sandalwood and iris increased sleep time by 37% in male Sprague-Dawley rats, while lemon (CNS depressant) decreased it by 23% Application of santalol, a major component of sandalwood oil, caused a significant decrease in total waking time and an increase in total NREM sleep time in rats (Ohmori et al, 2007). Komori et al (1997) showed that a mixed odorant (Central Nervous System stimulant) consisting of rose, sandalwood and iris increased sleep time by 37% in male Sprague-Dawley rats, while lemon (CNS depressant) decreased it by 23%
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