Abstract
The present study was to investigate the protective and immunomodulatory effectiveness of Macleaya cordata extract in reducing the deleterious effects of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) on vital immune organs in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (M. anguillicaudatus). A fish-specific TLR20 homologue was characterized (named as MaTLR20) and had the closest evolutionary relationship with TLR20 from Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella. MaTLR20 was ubiquitously expressed, especially in the spleen. Following A. hydrophila challenge, MaTLR20 and the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were significantly affected, and histomorphological changes in the spleen were seen. Experiments revealed that the M. cordata extract had the capability of inhibiting bacteria amplification in vitro and suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. The histopathological test revealed that M. cordata extract can ameliorate spleen injury in M. anguillicaudatus challenged by A. hydrophila. These results suggested that the M. cordata extract can promote immunological status by inhibiting immune-related gene expression to reduce excessive inflammation and improving histopathological morphological integrity in damaged spleens against A. hydrophila infection.
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