Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan and High Stability Fucoxanthin on Glucose Homeostasis, Lipid Metabolism, and Liver Function in a Mouse Model of Type II Diabetes.

Hong-Ting Lin,Wen-Jung Lu,Pai-An Hwang,Yu-Ting Chen,Yu-Chi Tsou

doi:10.3390/md15040113

Hong-Ting Lin, Wen-Jung Lu + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/md15040113

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Journal: Marine drugs	Publication Date: Apr 7, 2017
Citations: 86	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: National Taiwan Ocean University

Abstract

The combined effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) and fucoxanthin (Fx) in terms of antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities were investigated in a mouse model of type II diabetes. The intake of LMF, Fx, and LMF + Fx lowered the blood sugar and fasting blood sugar levels, and increased serum adiponectin levels. The significant decrease in urinary sugar was only observed in LMF + Fx supplementation. LMF and Fx had ameliorating effects on the hepatic tissue of db/db mice by increasing hepatic glycogen and antioxidative enzymes, and LMF was more effective than Fx at improving hepatic glucose metabolism. As for glucose and lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue, the expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, glucose transporter (GLUT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 mRNAs in the adipose tissue of diabetic mice was significantly upregulated by Fx and LMF + Fx, and levels of inflammatory adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were significantly modulated only by LMF + Fx supplementation. The efficacy of LMF + Fx supplementation on the decrease in urinary sugar and on glucose and lipid metabolism in the white adipose tissue of db/db mice was better than that of Fx or LMF alone, indicating the occurrence of a synergistic effect of LMF and Fx.

Highlights

Several medical conditions can cause hyperglycemia, of which diabetes is the most common by far
Our data showed that hepatic glycogen levels were significantly reduced AST and ALT levels were observed in db/db mice supplemented with low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) and LMF + Fx
A reduced adiponectin level is a characteristic of tissues [59]. These findings suggested that the combination of LMF and Fx can directly suppress the type II diabetes [36], and the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 induces insulin resistance in adipose production of inflammatory adipocytokines

Summary

Introduction

Several medical conditions can cause hyperglycemia, of which diabetes is the most common by far. Blood sugar levels increase because of insufficient insulin in the body or because body cells cannot efficiently unitize insulin. Hyperglycemia is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood, which plays an important role in the development of type. When the pancreatic β-cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin to overcome insulin resistance, hyperglycemia becomes evident [1]. Diabetes is associated with diseases, such as nephropathy [2], retinopathy [3], chronic renal failure [4], and cardiomyocyte apoptosis [5]. An effective control of the blood sugar level is the key to prevent or modulate diabetic complications

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