Effects of Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise with Slow Movement and Tonic Force Generation on Short-Term Glycemic Variability in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study

Hidetaka Hamasaki,Yoko Waragai,Akiko Kawaguchi,Takuro Shoji,Hidekatsu Yanai

doi:10.3390/app11041536

Hidetaka Hamasaki, Yoko Waragai + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041536

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Abstract

Resistance exercise improves daily glycemic control. Low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movements and tonic force generation (LST) is a resistance exercise protocol that can increase skeletal muscle mass and strength without considerable physical burden; however, its effect on glycemic variability is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LST on short-term glycemic variability, expressed as the M-value, in healthy individuals. We recruited 20 healthy subjects (mean age: 27.9 ± 3.9 years) with normal glucose tolerance, and subjects were randomly assigned to the control (n = 10) or LST (n = 10) groups. Subjects in the LST group performed the resistance exercise with 40–50% of the one-repetition maximum for 40 min. All subjects wore a subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system and a triaxial accelerometer, and their daily glycemic variability and physical activity were measured. One hour after the intervention, in the LST group, the variability of blood glucose levels was significantly decreased compared to the control group (M-values in the LST group: pre 3.5 ± 6.2, post 2.7 ± 2.7, p = 0.575; M-values in the control group: pre 0.4 ± 0.7, post 2.7 ± 2.0, p = 0.017). However, there were no differences in total physical activity and daily glycemic control between groups. The findings of this study suggest that LST improves short-term glycemic variability in healthy subjects.

Highlights

High glycemic variability (GV) induces oxidative stress and inflammation [1], and previous studies have shown that GV is associated with the progression of vascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive impairment [2,3,4] in patients with diabetes
Hanefeld et al [6] reported that the relative risks of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) (−35%) and myocardial infarction (−64%) can be reduced by improving post-prandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is crucial to improve GV to reduce the occurrence of CVD
There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, or body mass index (BMI) between the LST

Summary

Introduction

High glycemic variability (GV) induces oxidative stress and inflammation [1], and previous studies have shown that GV is associated with the progression of vascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive impairment [2,3,4] in patients with diabetes. Hanefeld et al [6] reported that the relative risks of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) (−35%) and myocardial infarction (−64%) can be reduced by improving post-prandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is crucial to improve GV to reduce the occurrence of CVD. Improving GV is important for the prevention of atherosclerosis-related disease in healthy individuals, as well as vascular complications in patients with diabetes. Cruz et al [9] showed that low-intensity resistance exercise improves hyperglycemia and daily glycemic control in female patients with type

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