Abstract
PurposeTo compare the effects of nine months of exercise training and ibuprofen supplementation (given immeditately after exercise sessions) on bone and muscle in postmenopausal women. MethodsIn a double-blind randomized trial, participants (females: n=90, mean age 64.8, SD 4.3years) were assigned (computer generated, double blind) to receive supervised resistance training or stretching 3days/week, and ibuprofen (400mg, post-exercise) or placebo (i.e. 4 groups) for 9months. In this proof-of-concept study the sample size was halved from required 200 identified via 90% power calculation. Baseline and post-intervention testing included: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body areal bone mineral density (aBMD); geometry of proximal femur; total body lean tissue and fat mass; predicted 1-repetition maximum muscle strength testing (1RM; biceps curl, hack squat). ResultsExercise training or ibuprofen supplementation had no effects on aBMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body. There was a significant exercise×supplement×time interaction for aBMD of Ward's region of the femoral neck (p=0.015) with post hoc comparison showing a 6% decrease for stretching with placebo vs. a 3% increase for stretching with ibuprofen (p=0.017). Resistance training increased biceps curl and hack squat strength vs. stretching (22% vs. 4% and 114% vs. 12%, respectively) (p<0.01) and decreased percent body fat compared to stretching (2% vs. 0%) (p<0.05). ConclusionsIbuprofen supplementation provided some benefits to bone when taken independent of exercise training in postmenopausal women. This study provides evidence towards a novel, easily accessible stimulus for enhancing bone health [i.e. ibuprofen].
Highlights
Inflammation is considered a main pathophysiological contributor to sarcopenia (J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2011) and osteoporosis (Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009)
Resistance training is an effective intervention for increasing muscle and bone mass; aging individuals experience an attenuated response to resistance training which contributes to aging anabolic resistance and sarcopenia (Breen and Philips, 2011)
The four unique groups were: 1) resistance training combined with ibuprofen supplementation (ExIbu); 2) resistance training combined with placebo supplementation (Ex); 3) flexibility training combined with ibuprofen supplementation (Ibu); and 4) flexibility training combined with placebo supplementation (Control)
Summary
Inflammation is considered a main pathophysiological contributor to sarcopenia (i.e., loss of muscle mass and muscle function) (J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2011) and osteoporosis (i.e., loss of bone mass and bone strength) (Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009). Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are associated with frailty and functional impairment, resulting in the decreased capacity to perform daily living activities, impacting on quality of life and increasing mortality Resistance training is an effective intervention for increasing muscle and bone mass; aging individuals experience an attenuated response to resistance training which contributes to aging anabolic resistance and sarcopenia (Breen and Philips, 2011). A longer-term (i.e. N 6 months) resistance training program combined with additional interventions may be required to produce significant muscle and/or bone benefits in aging adults
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