Abstract
Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antibacterial agent in personal care products and is ubiquitous in the environment. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish.Methods: After exposure to TCS 0 (Dimethyl Sulphoxide, DMSO control), 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 100, and 300ng/ml, respectively, from day 0 to 120days post fertilization (dpf), or for 7days in adult 4-month zebrafish, the long- and short-term impact of TCS exposure on the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing.Results: The top two most dominant microbiota phyla were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phylum in all zebrafish groups. In TCS exposure 0–120 dpf, compared with DMSO control, the mean number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 54.46 lower (p<0.0001), Chao indice 41.40 lower (p=0.0004), and Ace indice 34.10 lower (p=0.0044) in TCS 300ng/ml group, but no change was observed in most of the other TCS concentrations. PCoA diagram showed that the microbial community in the long-term TCS 300ng/ml exposure group clustered differently from those in the DMSO control and other TCS exposure groups. A shorter body length of the zebrafish was observed in the long-term TCS exposure at 0.03, 100, and 300ng/ml. For 7-day short-term exposure in adult zebrafish, no difference was observed in alpha or beta diversity of microbiota nor the relative abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria phylum among DMSO control and any TCS levels, but a minor difference in microbial composition was observed for TCS exposure.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high TCS concentration in a window from early embryonic life to early adulthood may reduce diversity and alter the composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of short-term TCS exposure was not observed on the diversity of microbiota but there was a minor change of microbial composition in adult zebrafish with TCS exposure.
Highlights
Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antimicrobial compound in over 2000 consumer products (Halden, 2014)
We aimed to examine the effect of long-term exposure to TCS on the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish
We examined whether short-term TCS exposure affected microbiota in adult zebrafish that grew without TCS until 4 months post hatching, and was given TCS for 7 days
Summary
Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antimicrobial compound in over 2000 consumer products (Halden, 2014). TCS is mainly discharged into sewage after usage of daily products, and can be detected in most seawater, river, and even drinking water all over the world, ranging from 0.03 ng/l to 1,023 ng/l (Peng et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2010; Li et al, 2010). This may create environmental pollution and public health hazards. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish
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