Abstract
Controlling weed populations by manipulating their seed banks is an important weed management option. To assist such efforts, we investigated relationships between fertilization treatments and depth-related characteristics of the weed seed bank (density, species composition and diversity) under a wheat-soybean rotation after long-term (16 years) fertilization. Numbers of weed species present and the Shannon-Wiener index were significantly lower under NPK, NP, NK, and PK fertilization treatments than under the fertilization-free control treatment (CK), and the vertical distribution of dominant species differed under the treatments. Generally, the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index decreased and the Pielou index increased with increases in soil depth, but the relationship of the Simpson index with depth was complex and unclear. The results show that effects of considered fertilization treatments on weeds warrant careful attention, and that PK fertilization would be optimal for suppressing weeds in the wheat-soybean rotation system studied.
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