Abstract
Summary The soil properties of bare fallow, systematically treated with high doses of fertilizers, changed considerably during the 20 years of the experiment. The organic manuring intensified the mineralization of the carbon, which increased the stability of organic matter. The organic manuring increased the potential ability of soil biocenoses to mineralize and stabilize organic matter, simultansously immobilizing the outer sources of nitrogen. Mineral fertilization did not change the intensity of mineralization of carbon. It decreased the potential activity of microflora and the stability of soil organic matter. The transformations of nitrogen were slow. In the bare fallow soil, fertilized with minerals, the number of microorganisms was strongly reduced. Cellulolytic bacteria were nearly suppressed by mineral fertilization, Azotobacter population completely. The biological component of the soil plays a decisive role in the changes of organic matter in the soil. Organic fertilizers ensure favourable conditions for the microbial activity and a timely start of microbial changes in the soil organic matter. Biochemical-biological methods indicated a decisive improvement of soil fertility after manuring and its worsening after mineral fertilization at extremely high rates for a long period.
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