Abstract
To better understand the generation of electric power for piezoelectric PbZrTiO3 (PZT) ceramic plate (ϕ25 mm), an attempt was made to investigate experimentally and numerically electric- power generation characteristics during cyclic bending under various loading fixtures (ϕ0–ϕ20 mm), i.e., different contact areas. Increasing the load-contact area on the PZT ceramic leads to a nonlinear decrease in the generated voltage. Decreasing contact area basically enhances the generated voltage, although the voltage saturates during loading when the contact area is less than ϕ5 mm. A similar voltage is generated for ϕ0 and ϕ5 mm, which is attributed to strain status (ratio of compressive and tensile strain) and material failure due to different stress distribution in the PZT ceramic. On the basis of the obtained electric generation voltage, suitable loading conditions are clarified by loading with the ϕ5 mm fixture, which generates a higher voltage and a longer lifetime of the PZT ceramic. From this approach, it is appeared that the area contact with the area ratio of 0.04 (ϕ5 mm/ϕ20 mm) is suitable to obtain the high efficiency of the electric voltage.
Highlights
To reduce demands on the environment, clean energy systems are urgently required in modern society
The voltage clearly increases with increasing applied loading, the rate of increase depends on the size of the loading fixture: a larger contact area corresponds to a smaller voltage
A higher voltage is generated for the smaller contact areas (i.e., φ0 and φ5 mm fixtures), which is attributed to the high stress generated in the PZT ceramic in these cases
Summary
To reduce demands on the environment, clean energy systems are urgently required in modern society. Various clean-energy systems have been developed in recent years, such as wind energy, solar energy, wave energy, etc Another approach involves the use of smart materials to make energy-harvesting systems, which has received intense attention due to their limitless possibilities. The emphasis in such cases has been to develop on-site generators that can transform any available electrical energy [1]. To minimize stress concentration, the mechanical loading was considered with a wide area contact to reduce the material failure, this approach may decrease the efficiency of electric-power generation. Experimental and numerical approaches were carried out to examine electric generation characteristics of PZT ceramics under the cyclic loading with various contact areas
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