Abstract
The effects of light wavelengths and coherence on basidiospore germination of Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus have been studied. Short-term low-intensity irradiation by coherent (laser) light wavelength 488.0 nm and 632.8 nm at doses 45 and 230 mJ/cm2 has significantly increased the number of germinated basidiospores. It has established that there are differences in the photosensitivity not only between species but also between strains. Spores irradiation by 514.5 nm light has been either neutral or inhibitory. A comparative analysis of basidiospores sensitivity to laser and LED light has also been conducted. To stimulate germination of basidiospores and growth of monokaryons the most suitable solution was to use red coherent and incoherent light of 632.8 nm and 660,0 nm for A. bisporus, G. applanatum and P. ostreatus, red and blue coherent light of 632.8 nm and 488,0 nm for F. velutipes, and both red and blue laser and LED light G. lucidum and H. erinaceus and for L. edodes. No essential difference of a continuous wave mode and intermittent mode light effect at the same doses and wavelength on spore germination were revealed. Light influence has reduced germination time and formation of aerial mycelium on agar medium as compared to the original value and increased the growth rate of monosporous isolates. Characterization of basidiospores photosensitivity and development of environmentally friendly stimulating methods of their germination is important for creating highly effective technologies of mushrooms selection and cultivation.
Highlights
One of the major trends in the modern mycology and biotechnology is reproduction of various macromycetes in the culture, preservation of them in collections and selection of highly productive strains with desired characteristics for further application
Fruit bodies were obtained on the following substrates: A. bisporus – mushrooms synthetic compost, consisting of 900 Kg of dry chicken manure, 100 Kg of ammonium nitrate, 1 Ton of dry wheat straw; F. velutipes, G. applanatum, G. lucidum – aspen sawdust (60%) and wheat bran (40%); H. erinaceus beech sawdust (60%) and corn grits (40%); L. edodes beech sawdust (60%) and corn grits (40%); P. ostreatus wheat straw 40%, alder sawdust 40%, wheat bran 20%
One milliliter of spore suspension was uniformly distributed over the water agar surface (A. bisporus and H. erinaceus 968, 1756 1000 spores per 1 Petri dish, due to the poor initial spores germination, and F. velutipes, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, L. edodes, P. ostreatus and H. erinaceus 963 - 100 spores per 1 Petri dish,) using sterile pipettes under aseptic conditions
Summary
One of the major trends in the modern mycology and biotechnology is reproduction of various macromycetes in the culture, preservation of them in collections and selection of highly productive strains with desired characteristics for further application. The bioactivity of spores may be even higher than that of a fruit body (Min et al, 1998; Zhu et al, 2000; Xin et al, 2002; Pei-Yu et al, 2012) In accordance with their biological functions, basidiospores have certain morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic characteristics: the structure of cell walls, cell nuclei heterothallism, spare nutrients, dehydration, the minimum level of metabolic, and dormancy. Various ways to activate germination of basidiospores of higher basidiomycetes during dormancy by the heat treatment, adding in the medium the activated carbon and / or yeast, amino acids, organic acids, mono- and disaccharides, alcohols, flavoids, hydrogen peroxide have been described (Kikuchi et al, Vidyapin et al, 2007; Dulay et al, 2012;Karadeniz et al, 2013) These methods are generally time consuming and do not always lead to the desired result.
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