Abstract
In this study, we investigated optimal light conditions for enhancement of the growth and accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in the sprouts of canola (Brassica napus L.). We found that the shoot lengths and fresh weights of red light-irradiated sprouts were higher than those of sprouts exposed to white, blue, and blue + red light, whereas root length was not notably different among red, blue, white, and blue + red light treatments. The accumulations of total glucosinolates in plants irradiated with white, blue, and red lights were not significantly different (19.32 ± 0.13, 20.69 ± 0.05, and 20.65 ± 1.70 mg/g dry weight (wt.), respectively). However, sprouts exposed to blue + red light contained the lowest levels of total glucosinolates (17.08 ± 0.28 mg/g dry wt.). The accumulation of total phenolic compounds was the highest in plants irradiated with blue light (3.81 ± 0.08 mg/g dry wt.), 1.33 times higher than the lowest level in plants irradiated with red light (2.87 ± 0.05 mg/g dry wt.). These results demonstrate that red light-emitting diode (LED) light is suitable for sprout growth and that blue LED light is effective in increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in B. napus sprouts.
Highlights
Plant sprouts, defined as young shoots formed from seeds, have been recognized as outstanding sources of essential and non-essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins
Different light-emitting diode (LED) had a considerable effect on the shoot length and fresh weight of sprouts, with those of red light-irradiated sprouts being significantly higher than those of sprouts exposed to other LEDs (Figure 1)
Growth of Brassica napus sprouts grown under different diode (LED)
Summary
Plant sprouts, defined as young shoots formed from seeds, have been recognized as outstanding sources of essential and non-essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Sprouts can aid in the prevention of diverse diseases due to their biological activities (antioxidant, anticancer, antigenotoxic, and antibiotic effects), which are associated with health-maintaining compounds (glucosinolates, polyphenols, terpenes, sterols, and vitamins) [1,2]. Brassica sprouts have been consumed as raw materials and provide a variety of bioactive compounds. Canola (Brassica napus), belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has been cultivated and harvested worldwide for its seeds, which can be used as a source of provender, an appetizing vegetable oil, and biodiesel [9,10]. Previous studies have reported that the seeds of canola varieties contain various hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids) and that the leaves of canola contain benzoic acid derivatives (gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, and vanillic acids). Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing bioactive compounds present in Brassica vegetables.
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