Abstract
Oxidative stress can induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and hyperlipidemia patients. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit has been reported of possessing antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholiesterase activity; as well as the toxic substance called mimosine. Aims: To determine antioxidant effects of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leave extracts in oxidative stress induced vascular endothelial function. Methods and Material: Leave extracts were determined for antioxidant activity. Either or both of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and glucose were applied to induce oxidative stress condition in human umbilical vein cultured (HUVCs) to observe superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) level and morphological changes. Results: Total polyphenol and flavonoid were 51.04 ± 0.91 mg GAE/g and 0.13 ± 0.01 mg catechin/g of dried weight (DW), respectively. Free radical reduction efficiency of crude extract observed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed IC50 value of 329.6 μg of vitamin C equivalent/mg of extracts. Frap value was showed 428.54 ± 15.32 mM FeII equivalent/g of DW. The result observing in HUVCs showed that comparing to the control, SOD activity, NO and MDA level were maintained in 0.05 mg/mL of L. leucocephala treated group, but NO and MDA level were lowered when comparing with oxLDL and glucose-induced oxidative stress. No change was observed in 0.05 mg/mL of L. leucocephala treated group, comparing with control group. Conclusion: This study has been performed to exhibit the antioxidant activity of L. leucocephala in endothelium functions and has been found to have an appropriate concentration at 0.05 mg/mL in reducing oxidative stress condition in impaired fasting blood glucose patients. Nevertheless, the optimal level for toxic activity in inhibition of cancer angiogenesis should be further investigated.
Highlights
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a type of prediabetes that found in those with increasing of fasting blood glucose but not yet develop diabetes mellitus.[1]
Several studies have suggested that rising of blood glucose can be induced by the elevation of oxidative stress, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that influence insulin resistance and eventually result in beta-cell dysfunction and diabetes mellitus.[2,3]
The results showed that total phenolic of leaves dry weight of L. leucocephala at 1 g was found 51.04 ± 0.91 mg GAE/g
Summary
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a type of prediabetes that found in those with increasing of fasting blood glucose but not yet develop diabetes mellitus.[1] Several studies have suggested that rising of blood glucose can be induced by the elevation of oxidative stress, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that influence insulin resistance and eventually result in beta-cell dysfunction and diabetes mellitus.[2,3] The ROS are initiate a chain reaction, and result in reduction of nitric oxide (NO) availability and presentation of several inflammation markers. This event is eventually leading to endothelial dysfunction, and tissue injury of vascular cells
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