Effects of late incubation temperature and moment of first post-hatch feed access on neonatal broiler development, temperature preference, and stress response

Abstract

Early life experiences are known to be of great importance for later life. For instance, exposure to stress during early life can increase fearfulness at later age. In broilers, delayed feeding after hatch may cause metabolic stress. Besides, delayed feeding after hatch may affect neonatal broiler development and thermogenesis and consequently preferred ambient temperature. Moreover, these effects of feeding strategy may be dependent on late incubation temperature. To study this, eggs (n = 1,338) from a 54-wk-old Ross broiler breeder flock were incubated at 37.8°C (control) or 36.7°C (lower) eggshell temperature (EST) during late incubation (≥ embryonic d 17). At hatch, two feeding strategies were applied (direct access (early feeding) or 51 to 54 h delayed access (delayed feeding)). Broilers (n = 960) were equally divided over 32 pens and grown for 3 wk. Stress was assessed by determination of corticosterone in blood at 0 h, 48 h, 96 h and d 21 after hatch. Fearfulness was assessed by tonic immobility at d 13. Temperature preference was assessed at d 2 and d 12. Broiler development was determined at 0 h, 48 h, and 96 h after hatch. There was no EST × feeding strategy interaction for any parameter (P ≥ 0.07). Early feeding resulted in a 2.5× lower plasma corticosterone concentration at 48 h (P < 0.01) and a 2.2°C and 2.0°C lower preference temperature for d 2 and d 12 respectively (P = 0.01) compared to delayed feeding. Tonic immobility was not affected. In conclusion, early feeding reduces exposure to stress in the short term and stimulates thermoregulatory ability of broilers in the longer term.