Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on the growth performance, carcass traits, fatty acid profile and meat quality of longissmuss dorsi (LD) muscle in finishing pigs. Pigs (n = 117; LandracexYorkshirexDuroc; initial body weight 80±0.4 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments and fed lacquer at 0, 2 and 4% of the diet for five weeks. Inclusion of lacquer meal in the diets of pigs had no influence on their growth performance, carcass yield, loin eye area and fat free lean; however, pigs fed lacquer diets had lower backfat (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.004). Pigs fed increasing levels of lacquer meal had lower moisture (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p = 0.008), crude fat (linear, p<0.001) and crude protein (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p = 0.002) in LD muscle. The LD muscle of pigs fed lacquer meal had lower pH (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) at 6, 8 and 10 days, and linearly lower thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, p<0.01) at 8 and 10 days and water holding capacity (WHC, p<0.05) at 3, 6, 8 and 10 days. The fatty acid composition of LD muscle revealed linearly lower stearic (p = 0.034) and total saturated fatty acid (p = 0.049) with increasing dietary lacquer meal levels. In general, higher lightness, redness and yellowness values were observed in LD muscle of pigs fed 2% lacquer meal on day 0 and subsequently on 3, 6, 8 and 10 days of refrigerated storage. The results of the current study suggest that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 4% in the diet of finishing pigs without any adverse effects on performance; moreover, improvements in the meat quality during refrigerated storage can be obtained by inclusion of lacquer meal in the diet of finishing pigs.
Highlights
Lacquer (Rhus verniciflua) belongs to Anacardiaceae family and it grows widely in Asian countries
The column used for separation of fatty acid methyl meal fed pigs (Table 2)
These results are consistent with esters was a HP-Innowax column (30 m length×0.32 mm i.d. those of Lohakare et al (2006), who failed to observe any
Summary
Lacquer (Rhus verniciflua) belongs to Anacardiaceae family and it grows widely in Asian countries. Lacquer has been used as medicine (Lee et al, 2003) for the treatment of gastritis, stomach cancer and arteriosclerosis (Jung, 1998) and for the protection of antiquities (Kim, 1996) in Japan, China and Korea for thousands of years. The ethanol extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) had antioxidant effect against hydroxyl radicals (Lee et al, 2001), antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines (Kitts and Lim, 2001) and augmented the activity of cell-associated detoxifying enzymes in hepatocytes (Lim et al, 2000). 117 pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 80 ±0.4 kg average initial body weight) of mixed sex (63 males and 54 females) were randomly allotted to nine pens (comprising 13 pigs per pen; 7 males and 6 females), on the basis of their body weight and sex.
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