Abstract
Probiotics should be well established in the gut, passing through the digestive tract with a high degree of viability, and produce metabolites that improve the gut environment by interacting with the gut microbiome. Our previous study revealed that the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7715 strain shows good bile acid resistance and a riboflavin production capacity. To confirm the interaction between HY7715 and gut microbiome, we performed a metabolite and microbiome study using a simulated gut system (SGS) that mimics the intestinal environment. Changes in the microbiome were confirmed and compared with L. plantarum NCDO1752 as the control. After 14 days, the HY7715 treatment group showed a relatively high butyrate content compared to the control group, which showed increased acetate and propionate concentrations. Moreover, the riboflavin content was higher in the HY7715 treatment group, whereas the NCDO1752 treatment group produced only small amounts of riboflavin during the treatment period and showed a tendency to decrease during the washout stage; however, the HY7715 group produced riboflavin continuously in the ascending colon during the washout period. A correlation analysis of the genus that increased as the content of riboflavin increased revealed butyrate-producing microorganisms, such as Blautia and Flavonifractor. In conclusion, treatment with L. plantarum HY7715 induced the production and maintenance of riboflavin and the enrichment of the intestinal microbiome
Highlights
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the gut health of hosts such as humans and animals, most probiotics being lactic acid bacteria, and some including Bacillus and yeast, and the World Health Organization (WHO) defines a probiotic as “a microorganism conferring a health benefit to the host when administered in appropriate amounts” [1]
We demonstrated the vitamin B2 production ability and high survival rate of the L. plantarum HY7715 (HY7715)
In the case of acetate, both the experimental and control group showed increasing tendencies, and it was confirmed that the HY7715 treatment group showed a greater increase in the Descending Colon (DC) than the Ascending Colon (AC)
Summary
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the gut health of hosts such as humans and animals, most probiotics being lactic acid bacteria, and some including Bacillus and yeast, and the World Health Organization (WHO) defines a probiotic as “a microorganism conferring a health benefit to the host when administered in appropriate amounts” [1]. Lactic acid bacteria are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), so it is easy to commercialize them as probiotics if they prove beneficial effects as probiotics. These bacteria are typically consumed in fermented milk products and probiotic powders [8]. In order for lactic acid bacteria to be accepted as probiotics and produce advantageous affects, they must survive stomach acid and bile acid activity, reach the small intestine, and establish and multiply [9,10] In addition, the European Food Safety Authority requires that probiotics be validated in human studies that are reproducible, documented, and studied for the basic characteristics of probiotics, and for their overall consumer health benefits [11]
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