Abstract
BackgroundKurozu concentrated liquid (KCL) is used as a health-promoting supplement for the treatment of disorders such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in Japan. We investigated the possible anti-obesity effects of KCL in rats.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were fed American Institute of Nutrition 76 formula diet and were orally administrated KCL or acetic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight or deionized water for 4 weeks. Adipocyte size, DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue, lipid levels in the serum and liver, and the rate of fatty acid excretion were determined. Effects of KCL on pancreatic lipase activity and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation were investigated in vitro.ResultsIn the KCL group, the average adipocyte size in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues was significantly reduced. The KCL-administered rats displayed greater numbers of small adipocytes in the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric adipose tissues than did rats from the other groups. In the KCL group, the DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly increased. The rate of fatty acid excretion was significantly increased in the KCL group. Furthermore, KCL significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and also significantly inhibited fat accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The levels of serum and liver lipids, the concentration of serum glucose, and the levels of adiponectin were similar among the 3 groups.ConclusionOral administration of KCL decreases the adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption and reductions of PPARγ and aP2 mRNA expression levels in adipocytes.
Highlights
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health
Adipocyte size and DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue Body and organ weights and several metabolism-related indicators and morphometric parameters were measured in the 3 groups (Table 1)
There were no significant differences in the average size in mesenteric adipose tissues between the Kurozu concentrated liquid (KCL) and control groups, the average size in the acetic acid group was greater than that in the KCL group (P = 0.069)
Summary
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health. Obesity, which has an increasing prevalence worldwide, is generally recognized as a leading important cause of metabolic syndrome and is one of the most serious public health problems in developed countries [1]. In the development of obesity, the expansion of adipose tissue is initially characterized by an increase in either the number or size of fat cells [2,3]. Kurozu, which has been used as a health food for a long time, is brewing rice vinegar that is produced from unpolished rice with rice bran through static-surface acetic acid fermentation at the Kagoshima prefecture in Japan. We investigated the possible anti-obesity effects of KCL in rats
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