Effects of kenaf core and bast fibers as dispersing phases on low density fiberboards (engineered wood)

Abstract

Fiberboards are engineered woods made from a composition of wood chippings, wood fibers, sawdust etc., glued together with adhesives. Low density fiberboards (LDF) are part of the classes of fiberboards widely used in Nigeria because they are readily available, relatively cheap and offer good aesthetic values, compared to conventional woods. However, they possess low strength, durability and lifespan, thus making them susceptible to damage during service. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kenaf core and bast fibers (Hibiscus cannabinus) as one of the dispersing phases in low density fiberboard production, also known as particleboards. The materials and methods employed in the study, followed procedures in established standards and literatures. The different composite materials were weighed and mixed properly for about 10 minutes to ensure homogeneity in the mixture. Thereafter, the materials were placed in a mould of uniform thickness and compressed to different fiber board samples using a compression press machine, for about 10mins. A series of physio-mechanical tests such as water absorption, density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were conducted on the developed fiberboard samples as well as the control samples. The results showed that the average values for water absorption and density of the developed samples enhanced with kenaf core and bast fibers were 5.480% and 0.027 g/cm3 respectively. These values compare well with that of the control samples. Also, the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of samples enhanced with kenaf gave average values of 31.842 MPa, 2.920 GPa and 16.58 N/mm2 respectively. These values also compare well with that of the control samples. From the results gotten and all the properties determined, the study showed that kenaf core and bast fibers can be employed appreciably as dispersing phases for low density fiber board (LDF) composite production.