Effects of Kangshen Oral Liquid on Gentamicin-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats

Jing-Sheng Zhao,Dan Hao,Xiang-Nan Li,Xin-Wei Lin,Jun Yang,Xue-Qing Xiao,Yuan-Liang Wei,Wei-Guo Yi,Hong Liu

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v15i2.19

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Kangshen oral liquid (KSOL) on gentamicin sulfate (GS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated with normal saline (NS), GS, furosemide, uremic clearance granule, or one of three different doses of KSOL. Several AKI-related indices were monitored, including renal index (RI), urine protein (UP) level, B-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the urine, serum creatinine (SCr) level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in the serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney tissue. Histopathological changes in the kidney tissue of each group were monitored using light microscopy. Results: After treatment with KSOL (20, 10, or 5 mL/kg), the RI, activity of NAG and levels of UP, SCr, BUN, and MDA were significantly decreased by 6.66 - 41.47 %, and the activity of SOD was significantly increased by 15.85 - 20.27 %, compared with the GS group (p < 0.05 or 0.01). The histopathological studies showed that KSOL notably improved GS-induced atrophy of the glomeruli, lymphocytic infiltration in the interstitium of the cortex, protein deposits in the collecting tubules, and hyperemia of the renal interstitium. Conclusion: KSOL improves GS-induced AKI at biochemical and histopathological levels, and thus has a potential to be developed into a therapeutic drug for AKI. Keywords: Kangshen oral liquid, Gentamicin, Acute kidney injury, Furosemide, Uremic clearance granule, Biochemical parameters

Highlights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians [1]
The renal index (RI) and urine protein (UP) level in the gentamicin sulfate (GS) group were increased significantly, compared with the normal saline (NS) group (p < 0.01), indicating that the AKI model was successfully established with GS treatment. These increases were reversed by treatment with furosemide or Uremic clearance granule (UCG), suggesting that the injuries could be reversed successfully with known treatments
After treatment with Kangshen oral liquid (KSOL) (20, 10, or 5 mL/kg), the RI and UP level were decreased significantly relative to the GS group (p < 0.01), suggesting that the KSOL offered an improvement to AKI injury in this model

Summary

Introduction

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians [1]. It is characterized by a rapid decrease of renal excretory function and the accumulation of products of nitrogen metabolism such as creatinine, urea, and other waste products. The use of vasopressors and conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, and sepsis are some triggers for AKI, while hypovolemia, creatinine on admission, and high severity scores are clinical indicators of the condition [4,5,6]. The mortality of AKI patients is 60 - 70 % [7,8]. Patients who survive AKI often suffer from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease [11,12]. It is critical to develop new, safe and effective drugs to prevent or treat AKI

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