Effects of joint mobilisation on clinical manifestations of sympathetic nervous system activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundA potential mechanism of action of manual therapy is the activation of a sympathetic-excitatory response. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of joint mobilisation on changes in clinical manifestations of sympathetic nervous system activity. Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, EBSCO, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Collaboration Trials Register, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SCOPUS databases. Study selectionRandomised controlled trials that compared a mobilisation technique applied to the spine or the extremities with a control or placebo. Data extraction and data synthesisHuman studies collecting data on skin conductance or skin temperature were used. Data were extracted by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane guidelines, and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and random effects were calculated. ResultsEighteen studies were included in the review and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found a significant increase in skin conductance [SMD 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 1.53, n=269] and a decrease in temperature (SMD 0.92, 95% CI −1.47 to −0.37, n=128) after mobilisation compared with the control group. An increase in skin conductance (SMD 0.73, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.96, n=293) and a decrease in temperature (SMD −0.50, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.18, n=134) were seen after mobilisation compared with placebo. The risk of bias was generally low, but the heterogenicity of the results downgraded the level of evidence. LimitationsMost trials (14/18) were conducted on asymptomatic healthy subjects. ConclusionThere is moderate evidence suggesting a sympatho-excitatory effect of joint mobilisation.Systematic Review Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42018089991.