Abstract
Several studies in human and equine medicine have produced controversial results regarding the role of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a therapeutic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of joint lavage with different DMSO concentrations on biomarkers of synovial fluid inflammation and cartilage degradation in joints with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synovitis. Twenty-six tibiotarsal joints of 13 horses were randomly distributed into four groups (lactated Ringer’s solution; 5% DMSO in lactated Ringer’s; 10% DMSO in lactated Ringer’s; and sham). All animals were evaluated for the presence of lameness, and synovial fluid analyses were performed at 0 h, 1 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h (T0, T1, T8, T24, and T48, respectively). The white blood cell counts (WBC), total protein (TP), urea, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) concentrations were measured. The WBC counts and PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TP concentrations increased in all groups at T8 compared to baseline values (p < 0.05). At T48, only the 5% DMSO and 10% DMSO groups showed a significant decrease in WBC counts (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the 10% DMSO group had lower concentrations of PGE2 and IL-1β at T48 than at T8 (p < 0.05) and presented lower IL-6 levels than the5% DMSO and lactated Ringer’s groups at T24. All groups showed an increase in CS concentration after LPS-induced synovitis. Joint lavage with 10% DMSO in lactated Ringer’s has anti-inflammatory but not chondroprotective effects.
Highlights
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a liquid solvent with cryoprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties [1]. It has been known since the 19th century, when it was a by-product of the timber industry, its capacity to protect cellular systems from radioactivity as well as its cryopreservation effects were only reported for the first time in 1961 [2]
The results of this study showed that lactated Ringer’s, 10% DMSO, and 30% DMSO induced similar inflammatory changes, which were significantly greater than those induced by arthrocentesis alone [15]
48 h), and 5% DMSO and 10% DMSO groups showed a significant decrease at T48 in relation to T8 sham groups at T24 compared to that atdifference
Summary
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a liquid solvent with cryoprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties [1]. The intra-articular DMSO effects were evaluated in a chemically-induced synovitis model in the carpal joints of horses [14]. DMSO is used frequently in equine veterinary medicine [20,21], for joint lavages for the treatment of synovitis or osteoarthritis, there is weak evidence to support its beneficial use as an anti-inflammatory agent. This is probably because few studies focused on the effects of DMSO on joint biomarkers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of different DMSO concentrations in lactated Ringer’s solutions on LPS-induced synovitis in horses
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