Abstract
Abstract Meta-analytical studies have indicated that isometric handgrip training promotes significant reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with similar or greater decreases in blood pressure than observed after aerobic and dynamic resistance training. However, several gaps in the literature still need to be addressed. Thus, we designed the ISOPRESS network group, which consists of a task force of different research groups aimed at analyzing the effects of isometric handgrip training on different contexts, parameters, and populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the rationale and design behind the ISOPRESS, presenting the methods employed. The ISOPRESS questions involve whether isometric handgrip training is effective in hypertensives in different settings (ISOPRESS 1 - unsupervised training and ISOPRESS 2 - public health system), whether it works in patients with other cardiovascular diseases (ISOPRESS 3 - obstructive sleep apnea and ISOPRESS 4 - peripheral artery disease) and what are the mechanisms underlying the effects of isometric handgrip training in hypertensives (ISOPRESS 5 - neural mechanism). The study will yield information on the effectiveness of isometric handgrip training in different settings and patients with other cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will help to understand the mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure in hypertensives.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide
Interventions to reduce blood pressure are sorely needed in order to reduce cardiovascular risk and the costs associated with high blood pressure
The questions involve whether isometric handgrip training is effective in different settings (ISOPRESS 1 and 2), whether it works on patients with other cardiovascular diseases (ISOPRESS 3 and 4) and what are the mechanisms underlying the effects of isometric handgrip training (ISOPRESS 5)
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. It is estimated that 30% of deaths worldwide are a consequence these diseases[1]. The total direct and indirect cost of CVD in the United States for 2010 was estimated to be $315.4 billion[2]. It is known that there is a strong, independent relation between CVD morbidity, and mortality and hypertension[2], with more than 50% of all CVD directly associated to hypertension[1]. Hypertension affects more than 1 billion people[3], and in 2025, it is estimated that hypertension will affect more than 1.5 billion people worldwide[4]. Interventions to reduce blood pressure are sorely needed in order to reduce cardiovascular risk and the costs associated with high blood pressure
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