Effects of iron(III) and manganese(II) ions on the aquatic photodegradation rate of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) herbicide

Abstract

Photodegradation of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) (I) in the presence of ferric chloride and manganese chloride was investigated. Both cations were found to increase the photodegradation rate of bromoxynil as compared to that in a buffer or water solution, however the effect was found to be more significant at a lower pH (< 5.0). Mixtures of both cations increased the decomposition yield of bromoxynil to a greater degree than independent solutions at the same concentration. The effect is dependent on the Fe/Mn ratio.