Abstract
AbstractAlthough triggering mechanisms for substorm onsets remain highly controversial, consensus has reached that violation of frozen‐in flux condition in the central plasma sheet is required. In this study, we carry out a numerical gedanken experiment to investigate the effects of the violation by assuming ions slip with respect to the magnetic field lines in the late substorm growth phase while electrons remain magnetized, without specifying the microphysics. The simulation results predict (1) a thin arc and a strong westward electrojet associated with downward‐upward‐downward field‐aligned currents and westward‐eastward‐westward horizontal flows in the ionosphere, which are found to be consistent with a preonset arc observed by the Swarm and the all‐sky imager; (2) a rapid creation of a bubble‐blob pair in the plasma sheet with a tailward hump of Bz that may lead to tearing instability.
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