Effects of Intraoperative Support Strategies on Endothelial Injury and Clinical Lung Transplant Outcomes

Abstract

In lung transplantation, postoperative outcomes favor intraoperative use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) over cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). We investigated the effect of intraoperative support strategies on endothelial injury biomarkers and short-term posttransplant outcomes. Adults undergoing bilateral lung transplantation with No-Support, veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO, or CPB were included. Plasma samples pre- and post-transplant were collected for Luminex assay to measure endothelial injury biomarkers including syndecan-1 (SYN-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and matrix metalloprotease-9. 55 patients were included for analysis. The plasma level of SYN-1 at arrival in the intensive care unit was significantly higher with CPB compared to V-A ECMO and No-Support (p<0.01). The rate of primary graft dysfunction grade 3 (PGD3) at 72hr was 60.0% in CPB, 40.1% in V-A ECMO, and 15% in No-Support (p=0.01). Post-operative plasma levels of SYN-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly higher in recipients who developed PGD3 at 72hr. SYN-1 levels were also significantly higher in patients who developed acute kidney injury and hepatic dysfunction after transplant. Postoperative, SYN-1 upon intensive care arrival was found to be a significant predictive biomarker of PGD3, acute kidney injury, and hepatic dysfunction following lung transplantation. CPB is associated with higher plasma concentrations of SYN-1, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, upon arrival to the intensive care unit. Higher levels of SYN-1 are predictive of end-organ dysfunction following lung transplantation. Our data suggests that intraoperative strategies aimed at modulating endothelial injury will help improve lung transplantation outcomes.