Abstract
Miniscrews have gained recent popularity as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontic treatments, where failure due to sinus perforations or damage to the neighboring roots have increased. Issues regarding miniscrews in insufficient interradicular space must also be resolved. This study aimed to evaluate the primary stability of miniscrews shorter than 6 mm and their feasibility in artificial bone with densities of 30, 40, and 50 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). The primary stability was evaluated by adjusting the intrabony miniscrew length, based on several physical properties: maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), removal angular momentum (RAM), horizontal resistance, and micromotion. The MIT and micromotion results demonstrated that the intrabony length of a miniscrew significantly affected its stability in low-density cortical bone, unlike cases with a higher cortical bone density (p < 0.05). The horizontal resistance, MRT, and RAM were affected by the intrabony length, regardless of the bone density (p < 0.05). Thus, the primary stability of miniscrews was affected by both the cortical bone density and intrabony length. The effect of the intrabony length was more significant in low-density cortical bone, where the implantation depth increased as more energy was required to remove the miniscrew. This facilitated higher resistance and a lower risk of falling out.
Highlights
In recent years, miniscrews have been widely adopted by orthodontists as temporary anchorage devices due to their small size and minimal surgical intervention
This study aimed to evaluate the primary stability of miniscrews shorter than 6 mm (3, 4, 5, and 6 mm) by changing the intrabony miniscrew length
The primary stability of a geometric design, as well as bone quality, periodontal tissue miniscrew is related to its geometric design, as well as bone inflammation, and operation skills [24]
Summary
Miniscrews have been widely adopted by orthodontists as temporary anchorage devices due to their small size and minimal surgical intervention. Miniscrews can be implanted in different areas of the alveolar bone, which provides a broad range of options in orthodontic treatments. Miniscrews have lower requirements for patient compliance and lead to less discomfort than traditional anchorage devices [1]. The most recent meta-analyses indicate that the miniscrews used in clinical treatment have a failure rate of 13.5 to 14% [2,3,4]. A larger bone–implant interface area can be obtained by increasing the length and diameter of the miniscrew, thereby improving the primary stability. The pressure caused by high torque on the adjoining tissues can lead to necrosis of the surrounding bone [6,7]
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