Effects of intestinal parasitic infections on nutritional status of primary children in Imo State Nigeria.

Onyenonachi Charity Ihejirika,Obioma Chebechi Nwaorgu,Callistus Mmudumere Nwokeji,Chikere Ifeanyi Ebirim

doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.33.34.17099

Abstract

IntroductionA cross-sectional study was conducted between the months of April to October 2015, to determine the effects of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) on nutritional status of school age children in Owerri and Orlu geographical zones, in Imo State, Nigeria.MethodsFaecal samples were examined using Kato Katz method and formol-ether concentration techniques, while blood samples were examined using cyamethahaemoglobin method. Anthropometric indices were used as indicators of nutritional status, children whose Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age and Weight-for-Height were <-2 standard deviation (SD) were classified as stunted, wasted, and underweight respectively.ResultsTotal prevalence rate of 16.6% was recorded in the study areas with Ascaris lumbricoides (4.0%), Trichuris trichiura (0.6%), Hookworm (1.0%) Taenia sp (0.3%), Entaomeba histolytica (5.3%), Entamoeba coli (2.7%) and Giardia lambia (2.7) Majority (73.4%) of the children had light intensity. Anthropometric study results showed that 79(31.3%) of the children were malnourished. The prevalence of stunting, under-weight and wasting were higher in uninfected (86.1%, 90.0% and 10%) respectively than in infected children (13.9%, 10.0% and 0.0%) respectively, although not significant at p = 0.857, 0.587 and 0.368 respectively. Prevalence of anaemia was 17.4%, anaemia was insignificantly (p = 0.09) higher in infected (21.1%) than in uninfected (16.5%) children. Children that had co-infection recorded higher prevalence (2.2%) of severe anaemia. There was an association (p = 0.002) between anaemia and intensity of helminth infection. Malnutrition was insignificantly (p = 0.319) higher in children with heavy (100.0%) and moderate (75.0%) intensity of helminth infection than children that had light intensity (41.7%) of helminth infection.ConclusionWhen compared with previous study, there were decline in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and anaemia among school age children. Low intensity parasitemia with intestinal parasites had no significant effect on the malnutrition and haemoglobin profile of the children in the study areas. Therefore, improved sanitation and more deworming efforts should be intensified to ensure further decline in prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.

Highlights

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have continued to pose serious medical and public health problem in developing countries, these infections constitute a global health burden causing clinical mortality in 450 million people, especially in children [1, 2]
Heavy intensity was only recorded in a child infected with A. lumbricoides (8.3%) Table 3 shows prevalence of malnutrition in the 300 children used for anthropometric study
At (p- value = 0.319) there was no association between prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal helminth infection

Summary

Introduction

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have continued to pose serious medical and public health problem in developing countries, these infections constitute a global health burden causing clinical mortality in 450 million people, especially in children [1, 2]. Outside morbidity and mortality caused by these parasites, infections with intestinal parasites have been associated with stunting, physical weakness and low academic performance of schoolchildren [3]. The impact of intestinal parasitic infections is more on children due to their vulnerability to nutritional deficiencies [1, 6]. The poor people in developing countries experience a cycle where under nutrition and repeated infections lead to excess morbidity that can continue from generation to generation [7]

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